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Ethical Analysis - Breaking National Letters of Intent

This is a subject upon which I have commented on before in various other fora.  Today, I toss this out for your discussion and analysis.

In the news today, we find DeAndre Jordan, a consensus top 10 2007 recruit, again waffling a bit on his commitment to Texas A&M University (TAMU).  Jordan has not just verbally committed, but he has signed a National Letter of Intent (NLOI) which binds him to the school and binds the school to him vis-a-vis an athletic scholarship.

Yesterday, Billy Gillispie, the Kentucky née TAMU coach who recruited Jordan, has said that he will be no means try to convince Jordan to come to Kentucky, even though it would fill a huge hole in our front line.

The general question I propose for analysis is this - is asking for release from a NLOI ethical behavior?

In beginning this analysis, let's look at the facts:  Gillispie recruited Jordan, and undoubtedly intimated to him at some and possibly many points that he planned to be his coach.  This is common in recruiting, and many recruits will tell you that they pick a coach, not a school.

After agreeing to come to TAMU, Jordan signed a NLOI, a legally binding contract between the school and him, requiring full consent and knowledge of his legal guardians, even if he is above the age of majority.

As we all know, the University of Kentucky successfully recruited Billy Gillispie to coach here and leave TAMU, thereby opening speculation that some of his recruits might follow.  To his credit, Gillispie has repeatedly stated that he will not try to convince his TAMU recruits to come to UK.  What he has not addressed is what he would do if they do break the NLOI and reopen their recruitment.  Keep in mind that Jordan has not yet enrolled in TAMU, nor officially set foot on campus as a student athlete.

In the past, most and perhaps all schools in this situation have released NLOI-bound athletes at their request, sometimes with conditions, but usually unconditionally.  There may be a case where the school denied a player's request, but I'm not aware of it.

Star-divide

Now, to the NLOI.  The NLOI, as I have said, is a legal contract binding the school and the athlete together.  If the athlete wants to go elsewhere and the school is unwilling to release him, the consequences are loss of 1 year of college eligibility at NLOI schools (all Division 1 schools).  By the same token, if Jordan blows out his knee and cannot play next season, even before he sets foot on campus, the school is bound to provide a full ride scholarship for at least one year anyway.

Without going through a long and detailed analysis, I will jump right to the conclusion, and then defend it.  It is unethical for an athlete who has signed an NLOI to ask the school to release him for the purpose of following a coach.  My reasoning is as follows:

Every recruit and his legal guardian are required to be made aware that the NLOI contract is between him and the school.  In other words, the NLOI program contemplates the possibility that the present coach might leave, and excludes that as a reason for lawful termination.  To put it another way, the contract expressly rejects a coaching change as grounds for termination, a fact that all parties are required to be made aware of before they sign.

When recruits sign an NLOI, they are accepting a guaranteed, one year athletic scholarship from an accredited university, worth a significant amount of money.  That scholarship is guaranteed regardless of the recruit's ability to perform athletically in any capacity whatever, barring moral turpitude, criminal activity or failure to meet scholarship requirements.  In return, the school exclusively obtains the recruit's services for one academic year.

When a recruit asks out of an NLOI to follow a coach, he is effectively asking the school to void an agreement that is a) clearly in the interests of both parties b) clearly to the benefit of both parties, and c) clearly not a valid reason to request the agreement be nullified.

Now, many would argue, "These are kids, and they should do what is right for them.  Besides, it happens all the time".  That argument is full of so many ethical fallacies, it's hard to know where to begin.  The first is the Golden Rationalization - others do it so it must be OK. The second is the Kings Pass - the interests of the "kid" are more important than the interests of the other parties.  The third is the Saint's License - "It's for a good cause", i.e. the greater benefit of the recruit.  Many UK fans will also be guilty of cognitive dissonance in this case - their perceived need of a player in Jordan's position colors their judgment of his ethics.

The fact of the "bigger, better deal" arising after a contract has been done is what is known as a "non-ethical consideration", and these are often powerful motivators to rationalize away ethical conduct.  Billy Gillispie's change of employer is similarly a non-ethical consideration for Jordan.

Finally, what of Gillispie himself?  Has his behavior in this matter passed ethical muster?  Well, so far I would say yes.  He has done nothing that I know of to encourage Jordan to break his NLOI.  But what he hasn't done that he could do is tell Jordan he would not offer him a scholarship if he requests release from his NLOI.  That would help smooth Jordan's way to an ethical decision.

However, it is not Gillispie's ethical responsibility to make Jordan's decision easy - In fact, he has a duty to UK that would clearly conflict with such a declaration.  It is, however, Jordan's responsibility to understand and do the right thing.  When you sign on the dotted line, especially under the circumstances we have here, ambiguity has been effectively removed by the document and the requirements of the process.

Now, does this mean we should censure Jordan if he breaks his agreement and comes here?  Of course not.  Forgiveness is one of the "Seven Enabling Virtues": Courage, fortitude, valor, sacrifice, honor, humility and forgiveness.  Mistakes are a part of life, we all make them and hopefully learn from them.  TAMU will forgive him, and the Big Blue Nation certainly will (if it ever bothers to consider his conduct at all).

For an explanation of terms and the process used for my analysis, I recommend this site.  I recommend it to you as a daily read.  The author is brilliant and committed (and willingly answers questions), and it will enhance your own sense of ethics - at least, it has mine.

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Great piece, Tru
As much as we love updates, this is the stuff Sea of Blue gives that few others can match.

Great look.

The Online home of Big Blue Nation ...

by JL Blue on Apr 13, 2007 9:28 AM EDT   0 recs

Thanks ...
as always.

I am simply not as talented a writer as some when it comes to sports.  I love sports, but I have to relate it to something more basic I'm able to make sense.

As much as I sometimes complain about pure sportswriters, I admire their ability to glean a muse from almost anything.  It is truly a gift.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 10:28 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

I disagree
In a perfect world I would agree with you but the world's not perfect and I am a big realist when it comes to the world. I would argue that college athletics is largely devoid of ethics altogether and that the language in the contract does not represent the actual situation when a recruit signs.

Recruiting isnt about schools so much as coaches and facilities so I see no problem when a coach leaves and a player wants to follow him. Schools know this and that why they let players out of their LOI. Schools just try to act like the player is commiting to them by adding the language in the LOI.

This whole bunk about recruits commiting to the schools is as big a myth as the term SCHOLAR-ATHLETE. Lets get real.  

by davw83 on Apr 13, 2007 9:34 AM EDT   0 recs

Thanks for the comment
"Perfection of the world" isn't required to make ethical decisions.  It isn't the world's imperfections that drive us to rationalize away our ethics - it is our own imperfections.
Recruiting isnt about schools so much as coaches and facilities so I see no problem when a coach leaves and a player wants to follow him.

I read this to mean that you think this is how it should be, and I don't necessarily disagree with that.  But when someone signs a contract, they cannot interpret that contract to mean the antithesis of what it says.  Otherwise, contracts would mean nothing.
Schools just try to act like the player is commiting to them by adding the language in the LOI.

The LOI program is boilerplate.  Schools don't "add language" to it - the act of committing to a school and not the coach is a founding principle of the NLOI program.

The problem is, you are conflating unethical behavior and reality.  Reality exists.  Ethical behavior exists. Unethical behavior exists.  They are three entirely separate things, except to the extent the last two are subsets of the first.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 10:37 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Bipolar
I agree.....hmmmm..... but I disagree......which is rationalization and which is not? ethical?.... not ethical?

Reality, there's a good start except that reality is what everyone makes for themselves. Reality is an opinion, everyone's has their own "view" of reality.

On one hand, I say that kids(<18yo) as most of us already know, don't have the experience to understand to what they are commiting, and we as adults should understand that when they sign a NLOI.

However, I also feel that kids don't get enough direction from the world(adults) on personal responsibilities and this would be a great message to send to kids if were to play out that Billy G. had to turn him away. Yes, it would hurt us very much, but that is exactly why I think that Billy should make the tough decision for morality. Otherwise, "the ends justify the means" would become the new moral Golden Rule.

by blueblood on Apr 13, 2007 10:28 AM EDT   0 recs

The last paragraph
is outstanding.

I disagree with the third, however.  Even a 17-year old is plenty experienced enough to know that when you sign an agreement, you are giving your word of honor.  And when you give your word of honor, you are expected to keep it.

Even 12-year olds know that - it is something that we teach our children from an early age, a founding principal of our societal mores.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 10:41 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

I respectfully disagree
I know that there are a lot of kids who could make a decision while considering the consequence, and I agree that mentally they are quite capable of making an intelligent, informed decision.

They are not, however, schooled in the experiences of life. You tell me how many adults you know that didn't get screwed the first time they bought an automobile on their own. How about, how many adults get screwed the first time they buy a house? I know very few that don't fit into those two scenarios, and most of those have degrees in finance or something similar. So, if we apply those same scenarios to a kid who is making a decision at the age of 17 or 18 that will greatly affect the outcome of the next 30-40yrs of his/her life, how prepared for that do you think he/she is?

by blueblood on Apr 13, 2007 1:32 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

The Legality of a perfect world
Recruits committing to the school is NOT a myth. At least, not legally a myth.

Like Tru said, The NCAA has made it clear on numerous occasions that a player is committing to a school and not the coach, which is why the LOI is worded that way. I'm too lazy today to go search for links, but 'tis true. And it is a contract, as legal as one Jordan might be signing for Nike or Da Bulls later in life.

(Ha, Jordan to Da Bulls! Did you like that? Clever!)

The contracts are written to protect the schools and not the players. After all, the school loses money if it can't get good recruits to win basketball games and fill the stadiums. They may justify this with the scholar-athlete "getting a free education" stuff, but ultimately they're looking to pump more money out of the sport-hungry alums.

If the next several recruiting classes are smart, they should legally challenge the school or the NCAA about that "committing to the school" notion before signing on the line. However, until then, those recruits are still legally signing intent to the school. Then even before the ink is dry, Myles Brand comes crashing in on his rocket cycle, removes his judge helmet and screams "I AM THE LAW!"

And while I see how the NCAA tries to make a "perfect world" of scholar-athletes, I would argue that the "perfect world" analogy would be best used to describe a school doing what's best for the player; letting them out of LOIs, letting them practice more than the current limits set, giving them some cash outside of the scholarship for books and beer, etc. What percentage of our scholar-athletes -- at least, the scholar-athletes that are nationally-ranked athletes that have a shot at playing pro ball -- are really concerned about being a scholar? But the world's not perfect and, like you, I'm a big realist.

Until the world is perfect for players, the player's parents read and should understand what they and their son/daughter is signing, and should consider all possibilities before inking the document. Which means, basically, "don't sign a LOI early!" So, Jordan is hosed for at least two years -- one at TAMU, another to sit out to go to another program.

The Fake Gimel Martinez FireTubby.com

by FakeGimelMartinez on Apr 13, 2007 10:34 AM EDT   0 recs

Well done ...
FMG.  I would add that maybe kids should stop signing NLOI's altogether.  That would certainly be the death of the program.

There is no requirement on any recruit to sign an NLOI, and in fact, Patrick Patterson is seriously considering just that.  I think this may be the beginning of a new trend.

The best thing to do would be to change the NLOI and add some conditions for unilateral termination, such as the coach leaving.  It increases a coach's leverage, but since practically no one is held to the NLOI nowadays anyway over a coach, to me it would solve the ethical dilemma recruits are finding themselves in today.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 10:46 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Agree
I definitely agree with this.  Kids should stop signing them.

It's abundantly clear by how many ask to be or want to be released when the coach leaves, that they don't really mean or understand what they're agreeing to.

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 11:06 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Well ...
I don't think this:
It's abundantly clear by how many ask to be or want to be released when the coach leaves, that they don't really mean or understand what they're agreeing to.

is true.  The kids and their guardians are required to sign an NLOI, even if they have reached majority (unless they are >=21).  It is also required that the coach/school thing be explained to them, and it is clearly written in the text.

A recruit claiming he didn't know what it says may be an indictment of our eduction system, but not of the NLOI.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 11:13 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Clarity
Certainly the NLOI verbage is clear.  It rests clearly with the prospective-student athlete, or "the system".

Either way, they shouldn't sign it.  Or at least they should wait until the seasonal coaching shakeup ends.  So PP and Jai may end up being the wisest of the current crop for waiting until the coaching shakeup settles before signing the NLOI (if they sign it at all).  Good for them.

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 12:08 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Indeed.
Bad for us fans, but better for the kids.

Not really a bad tradeoff, IMO. :-)

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 12:16 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

3 responses to the post
I would make 3 statements to this post (which was very well done). One, it is not unethical to ASK a school to mutually opt out of a NLOI. It may show immaturity but asking in itself is not wrong and open communication should always be encouraged.

Two, if a school does not release a student-athlete from the NLOI, I believe the student-athlete is bound to the contract and would be unethical in breaking it. It is similiar to lying and breaking a trust between two parties. Combining my first two points, I believe is permissible and ethical to ask a party to void or excuse a contract but the party is perfectly justified in holding the other party to the contact and likewise both parties fulfilling their agreement, even if one party is not happy with it.

My third point is similar to DavW83's post that I am of the mind that the NLOI concept is out dated with modern times. I have too much to say about that in the limited space of a blog's comment section, but I would say that if coaches can leave with no penalty, then players should be granted similiar freedoms. Thus, the NLOI should be dropped or its restrictions changed.

by PapaKat on Apr 13, 2007 10:37 AM EDT   0 recs

Thank you for the compliment ...
but now I must dissent from your dissent. :-)
One, it is not unethical to ASK a school to mutually opt out of a NLOI.

This is a perfect example of cognitive dissonance.  Let me ask you this:  Does asking permission to break your word make the act of doing so ethical?

It is very much like an apology.  When people perform unethical acts (Imus' recent difficulties are a perfect example), does the apology make that unethical act all better?  No, it is still there.  Imus followed his unethical behavior with ethical behavior, but the two do not cancel each other out.

Your second point is noted in isolation, and I agree.  For the balance of that paragraph, see above.

My third point is similar to DavW83's post that I am of the mind that the NLOI concept is out dated with modern times.

I agree here also, see one of my earlier comments for further explanation.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 10:55 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Understanding through asking
Good job in thinking through this issue and making good points. It has helped me think through the issue as well.

But I am still in disagreement. You used the term "renegotiation" in the response to EEWildcat. That is probably a good term to use in this case. My point that a party cannot know (at least perfectly) what the other party is thinking apart from asking. Nor can the party understand what the other party's best interest is apart from dialogue. Given that a significant part of the school's basketball program has changed, a student-athlete can express their unhappiness with the recent changes, state they will honor their commitment, but ask out of ("renegotiate") the NLOI. The university may feel it is best to release the student-athlete from their word for their mutual best interests. Maybe not, but the student-athlete does not know apart from asking.

Good posting Tru!

by PapaKat on Apr 13, 2007 11:52 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

And a jolly good point you make as well!
Here is my take on renegotiation.  As a general proposition, renegotiation is undertaken when the existing agreement is somehow unfair to one or the other party.

Assuming this is true, the change of basketball coach could be seen as unfair, and a major change in the arrangement, but for the fact that the contract explicitly contemplates that eventuality, and deals with it forthrightly.

It is not as though the NLOI is difficult to understand or opaque to a normal 10th-grader - it simply isn't.  And to forestall the possibility that it may be, it requires the signature of the prospective student athlete's legal guardian unless the PSA is 21 years of age or older.

From my perspective, an eventuality that is both contemplated and acknowledged by both signatories to the agreement cannot be reasonable grounds for renegotiation.  If it is a potential deal-changer, the PSA should not sign the agreement.  It is, after all, totally voluntary.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 5:37 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Tru nails it again
For all I would suggest reading from very recent corporate litigation and the mutual settlement

LexMark, HP, CEO Hire and non-compete agreements.

http://www.crn.com/it-channel/196802790

Just as I recently posted that kids getting mad about a coach saying they are their coach and then leaving is a big life lesson, well so is signing contracts. If I walk out on my partners I am bound by the legal operating agreement of the company that I cannot do this line of work within 850 miles for 2 years. A NLOI is a no compete contract in my eyes. If all parties agree, let what happens happen. If not, sit a year and then go where you want. Guys like this could be 2 or 3 years from signing REAL contracts in the NBA so a lesson will help him.

Now, the blue blood in me says:
PLEASE OH PLEASE PLAY AT UK. PLEASE TAMU LET HIM OUT NICE AND CLEAN.

If not, UK will move on because it was ethical and right. Billy G is killing me so far so I trust him 100% to get us to the top!

by wilson452 on Apr 13, 2007 10:48 AM EDT   0 recs

Awesome example ...
and although it's a bit off-topic, I'm surprised that case didn't get removed to federal court.  That is almost always what happens in a jurisdictional conflict between states.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 11:00 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Was on it's way...
Both were being beaten up in the market a bit at that time and I think both needed to just get back to work.

On the question of if it is ethical to ask to get out of a contract I would say it is absolutely ethical, it is done everyday in business. Sometimes things just don't work out. As long as a discussion is had it is fine to ask. You have NO power over the other party and they hold all of the cards. If they see the new deal in their interest it is their choice. If they propose to enact a new agreement of terms to void the agreement the kid can take it or not. That is just business.

It is NEVER ethical to just break a contract. This too is done every day and many of us have done it and not looked at it as such. Breaking a lease to buy a house or move to take a job even.

I am off to meet with a client who wants to break their contract with me. Seriously. I am glad they asked and I will make him pay one way or another. :-)

by wilson452 on Apr 13, 2007 12:52 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Totally disagree
It's easy to get on the ethical high-horse and tell kids what they should and shouldn't be doing.  But the fact is, it's a contract between the prospective student-athlete and school. They are free to consentually terminate it at will.  So there is your legality argument.  But come on, these kids are going to the schools they're going to primarily because of the coaching staff.  It's not about the school, it's about relationships.  These kids have formed a relationship with the head coach and recruiting staff.

Let's take ourselves out of the situation for a minute and look at things rationally.  Let's look at another school that is in the same sort of situation as Texas A&M: Kansas State.  Look at the top 150 recruit commits.  It's obscene how many are going to K. State (including #1 recruit Beasley).  If you had been in a time capsule for two years and had come out and shown that list, you'd think you were in the Twilight Zone.  None of those kids committed to K. State because of the school, it was because of coach Huggins and his staff.  And now Huggins is gone.  So even though the school didn't mean it to be, it was a bait-and-switch.

It is certainly not at all unethical at all for a kid to ASK to be let out of an inadvertent bait and switch.  And the school should be big enough to say, "Yes, the situation has drastically changed from what you agreed to.  Please consider us again on our merits.  As a token of our respect for you as a person, we release you."

Think about it.  The coaching staff is going to be a major part of the kid's life for the next few years.  The coaching staff will be the kid's boss, for all intents and purposes.  And being a student-athlete is the kid's job (at least for the reason that he's banned from taking any other job).  So, let's look at the real world analogy.  I agree to take a job because the boss is my friend and like the system I'm told I'll be working on.  And then for whatever reason my friend isn't there anymore, and he's been replaced by a ball-buster I deplore.  I should be able to at least ASK to be let out of my agreement given the change of circumstances.

Yes, it's written into the NLOI that a coaching change isn't legal termination, that it's between the kid and the school regardless of coach.  But you also have to consider, how many of these kids have been told with a wink and a nod, "Oh, that just has to be in the contract because of NCAA rules, coach X will be with us forever, hasn't he told you that repeatedly?"

So the contract can't be terminated automatically by the prospective student-athlete in the case of a coaching change.  Fine.  But that doesn't mean the contract can't be consentually terminated or re-negotiated.  Or that it's unethical to do so.

Contracts are re-negotiated all the time.  Coaches get raises when they do well.  Is it wrong for a coach to get a raise?  Shouldn't they just honor the remainder of their contract and be happy about it?  That would be the strict legal interpretation of the contract.  But as it turns out, it's legal for both sides to agree to a new contract as well.  

And just as ethical.

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 10:56 AM EDT   0 recs

Thanks for that nice, pithy comment.
Here is how I would respond:
It's easy to get on the ethical high-horse and tell kids what they should and shouldn't be doing.

This is unnecessary and inappropriate.  Please get over yourself.
But the fact is, it's a contract between the prospective student-athlete and school. They are free to consentually terminate it at will.

This is simply wrong.  There is no termination clause for either party in an NLOI.  You can read what it says here.
So the contract can't be terminated automatically by the prospective student-athlete in the case of a coaching change.  Fine.  But that doesn't mean the contract can't be consentually terminated or re-negotiated.  Or that it's unethical to do so.

See my post above.  Asking if it is OK to break your word doesn't make it so.  Renegotiation is something that is done in both parties' interests.  In the case of an NLOI, only one party benefits.  That is not renegotiation, it is reneging.

The entirety of the rest of your argument is specifically addressed in my post.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 11:09 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Consensual is the key-word
If both parties agree to terminate the contract there is nothing unethical about doing so.  The difference between NLOIs and most work-a-day contracts is that those contracts typically say that it can be broken by either party at any time.

That key difference aside, mutual agreement that it is no longer in the best interest of the parties to break these contracts should in no way be read as unethical.  

All things being equal I would agree that a NLOI should be honored and that recruits need to understand this and make serious, well-considered decisions before signing.  But I won't tell any two consenting parties that they are bound to each other beyond what they feel is in their best interests and provided there are no tangible damages to a third-party in the contract.  If TAMU does not feel it is in their interest to let the players go they are not required to do so.  The real question then is whether it really is in their interest to force the kid to come play for them if he clearly no longer wishes to do so.  Of course, he hasn't said that, has he?

by Logan5 on Apr 14, 2007 9:12 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Well done.
I would point out a couple of things:
  1.  Because something is consensual does not necessarily mean it is ethical, in contracts or anything else.
  2.  The problem comes when the "best interests" of one party are the only ones truly under consideration.  It simply isn't the case that it is in the "best interests" of TAMU to void the contract.
  3.  When we start talking about "tangible damages", we have entered the ethical fallacy known as the "trivial trap" AKA "no harm, no foul", because it disregards the ethical system in favor of examining the outcome.
And you are right to point out that he hasn't requested release up until now, and may not do so.  We should always keep in mind that we are talking about a hypothetical, not a reality (at least, not yet).

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 14, 2007 10:30 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Short response
"When we start talking about "tangible damages", we have entered the ethical fallacy known as the "trivial trap" AKA "no harm, no foul", because it disregards the ethical system in favor of examining the outcome."

In theory true, in practice harder to see or defend.  The purpose of most ethical systems is to provide agreeable rules of conduct, ones that allow for equal treatment and dispute resolution with some idea of the expected outcome.  But in all situations the goal is just treatment not simply a plug-'n-play formula that dictates how you act.  When we start valuing the rules of a system more than we desire the outcome those rules are intended to bring about, ie just and equitable treatment of all parties, then we've really gone into murky territory.

The question in these situations is whether it is just for the recruit to request his release and whether it is just for the school to refuse him that release if he so requests.  That is a legitimate question for debate but suggesting that rules prohibit the two parties from coming to a mutual agreement seems to be an undignified argument that stresses the system over the outcome.  The system is designed to ensure fairness to all in the outcome, but if the two parties agree to a fair outcome separate from the system why force the system on them?

These are all arguments familiar to those dealing in ethical systems but we shouldn't lose site of the fact that two parties can often reach agreement on their own and should not be prohibited from doing so by exterior judgement or the perceived need to adhere to a system whose goal was to promote that same fairness to begin with.

by Logan5 on Apr 14, 2007 11:01 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Again, all excellent, thoughtful points.
I would respond as follows:
In theory true, in practice harder to see or defend.  The purpose of most ethical systems is to provide agreeable rules of conduct, ones that allow for equal treatment and dispute resolution with some idea of the expected outcome. ...

That is absolutely right.  What you appear to be talking about here, in the abstract, is ethical absolutism vs. utilitarianism.  Absolutism is all about the system, outcome be damned.  Utilitarianism sees more "shades of gray" and allows ethical conflicts to be more easily resolved.

In the instant case, though, there appears to be no gray.  Unless Jordan was deceived, he agreed to remove coaching considerations from the process when he signed the agreement.  What possible justification could he have for asking out of his agreement on that basis?

These are all arguments familiar to those dealing in ethical systems but we shouldn't lose site of the fact that two parties can often reach agreement on their own and should not be prohibited from doing so by exterior judgement or the perceived need to adhere to a system whose goal was to promote that same fairness to begin with.

Indeed, and I hope you don't get the idea that I was proposing we should interpose our judgment on the young man should he decide to ask out, and somehow punish him for that behavior.  I am absolutely not.  The purpose of this was simply for analysis and awareness.

People do unethical things every day, and only the most minuscule percentage every draw notice or comment.  If even those we hold in the highest esteem were to relate every unethical thing they had ever done, we would have time for nothing but reaching conclusions on people's behavior.

If Jordan comes to Kentucky, the BBN will be excited, and I will also.  My excitement will be tempered slightly by a regret that the young man didn't keep his word, but forgiveness for such a relatively small transgression is easy and painless.  As a society, we find it very easy to forgive lapses in judgment in the young, even under much more egregious circumstances, and I would agree that it should be so.

Still, conundrums like this are instructive to us all, and hopefully make us think about our every day decisions.  When we consider only the outcome, ethical decisions seem ridiculously easy.  The problem is, they ends don't always justify the means.

Thanks again for the wonderful commentary.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 15, 2007 10:49 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Ethics like the law often depend
on the question that is asked.  You ask whether it is ethic to back out of a NLOI.  My question is the whether the rules forcing a prospective student to sign a NLOI are ethical?

I know of no other type of undergraduate scholarship that requires an adhesion contract in order for the student to accept the scholarship.  Rather, the scholarship providor says, "you are a talented student, which the scholarship providor values, if you come to our school, enroll and don't drop out, we will pay you something."  This is a binding contract for value.  Both sides have the right to terminate for lack of substantial performance.

The NLOI says, "you, the athlete, provide a valuable and scarce commodity of major value, which we, the NCAA and our member schools, being major businesses, have an interest in procurring.  That being said, we have a major interest in keeping the flow and distribution of the commidity stable.  Our member school-businesses need to procure the commodity in order to make money.  The higher the value of the commodity, the more money we make, the more interest we have in controlling the commodity's flow.  You, the athlete have an interest in an education and athletic training.  The better the athlete, the more important is the interest in athletic training.  The contract is this: we, the powerful member school-business offer you, the 17 year old athlete, an education and our athletic training in exchange for your talent-commodity.  We the member school-business have the right to profit from your talent-commodity in any way we wish without sharing the profit, and retain the right to drastically alter the amount and value of your athletic training without notice.  You, however, must provide your talent-commodity to us, no matter how much we change the terms of the contract, or else suffer liquidated damages in the amount of one year of your talent-commodity."

The NLOI is similar to a company forcing its workers to sign a one year contract that says the company can change their salary at any time, without notice, and the employee cannot quit, or if the employee quits he could only work for the next year for minimum wage.  Such a contract would be unethical and unenforceable.  I think that it cannot be unethical to back out of an unethical contract of adhesion.

by senowen on Apr 13, 2007 11:31 AM EDT   0 recs

Thoughtful post, but an easy one.
You ask whether it is ethic to back out of a NLOI.  My question is the whether the rules forcing a prospective student to sign a NLOI are ethical?

Recruits are not required to sign an NLOI at all, ever.

This fact obviates the rest of your argument. :-)

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 11:36 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Ouch!
Wow, didn't mean to offend.  :)

That first sentence, although true :), didn't contribute to my point so I probably shouldn't have included it.  Likewise the ad-hominems in your reply to mine didn't contribute to the debate, so let's call it even. :)

Just because there isn't a clause in the contract about termination, doesn't mean it can't be terminated consentually, or "released" or however you would like to put it.  IANAL, but it can happens.  Just to be clear here, I am not using the  "Golden Rationalization" here, this is the legal case without regard to ethics.

Maybe I should have outlined it more clearly, but I decided to go with the storytelling approach.  Now that that's been done, here's the summary of the core points that I think is not mentioned in the original post:

With regard to ethics and contracts, I claim if it is consentual, it is ethical.  This goes for both termination and agreement to a contract.

I think it is ethical when a University unintentionally perpetrates a bait-and-switch that they release the prospective student-athlete.  And because it is ethical, it is ethical to consent to letting the student-athlete out.

Kids are told verbally by their coaches acting as an agent of the university, and the university staff itself, that the current coach will be their coach.  Show me a coach that recuits by saying "I will take the next best job that comes along given the opportunity, so if I do well this year I won't be here the next!" and I'll show you a school with very few good recruits.  So kids are given something akin to a verbal "contract" if you will that the coach will still be there.  On the basis of this contract, they sign the NLOI.  The school (inadvertently) breaks this verbal contract.  I claim it is ethical for the University to release the student from their NLOI based on the breach of this verbal contract.

I claim it's ethical for a student to ask the University to act ethically.  Thus the student may ethically ask the University to release him from his NLOI based on the verbal contract being broken.

BTW, I truly thank you and JL for running a great website.  It's great to have a place where UK fans can have an intellectual and passionate debate without having a flamewar.

Have a great day and Go Cats!

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 11:42 AM EDT   0 recs

Sorry for misplaced reply
Sorry for this reply being in the wrong place, it replies to Tru's reply to my earlier message.  (hopefully this one is in the right place, replying to mine)

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 11:52 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Now you're getting somewhere
That first sentence, although true :), didn't contribute to my point so I probably shouldn't have included it.  Likewise the ad-hominems in your reply to mine didn't contribute to the debate, so let's call it even. :)

Done.  We are even. :-)
With regard to ethics and contracts, I claim if it is consentual, it is ethical.  This goes for both termination and agreement to a contract.

This is a fair point.  My counter would be this:  Contracts are only proper and ethical if they are done in good faith, with each side committed to the interests of the other as well as to their own.  

Asking out of a contract might be consensual, but it fails to take into account the consequences to the other party, and in fact, asks them to surrender their interests altogether.  It violates the reciprocity concept of the Golden Rule, which requires the athlete to take into account the consequences not only to himself, but to the other party.  In other words, it flunks the most basic ethical test - the Golden Rule.

I think it is ethical when a University unintentionally perpetrates a bait-and-switch that they release the prospective student-athlete.  And because it is ethical, it is ethical to consent to letting the student-athlete out.

"Bait-and-switch" both implies and requires bad faith, and cannot be done unintentionally.
BTW, I truly thank you and JL for running a great website.  It's great to have a place where UK fans can have an intellectual and passionate debate without having a flamewar.

And we both appreciate the time and effort our commenters take, and the thoughtfulness of the responses.  It is truly a validation of our hard work and our desire to bring thoughtful commentary before our brothers and sisters in blue.

JL has done me a great honor allowing me to post here, and I do apologize if I am quick to take offense.  Probably like you, I post in other places where people are less ... congenial.  It is a reflex I am working hard to suppress, but sometimes it gets the better of me. :-)

I hope you have a great day, and thanks again for your thoughtful responses.  Go Big Blue!

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 12:06 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Golden Rule is not Platinum

Senowen has made most of my points for me below(better than I could make them) so I think we agree on those.  But I'd like to take it further, and I'll do so below.

Also, I think it's interesting to address this application of the Golden Rule, so I will.  It also addresses the core issue of good faith verses circumstance.

You said (in italics since I can't figure out how to make the pretty boxes)


Asking out of a contract might be consensual, but it fails to take into account the consequences to the other party, and in fact, asks them to surrender their interests altogether.  It violates the reciprocity concept of the Golden Rule, which requires the athlete to take into account the consequences not only to himself, but to the other party.  In other words, it flunks the most basic ethical test - the Golden Rule.

So here's a real life example.  Let's say I've got an employment contract.  5 years for X dollars, paid monthly.  I and my employer agree on that contract, both sides in good faith.  I get some money, and my employer gets work.  We're all good here.

Now, my employer has X dollars set aside to pay me.  But he is a new business owner and underestimates not only other expenses, but also time to profitability.  So the company is burning money faster than the boss expects, say for 3 years.  At 3 years, he runs out of money and can't raise investment capital.  So there isn't enough money to make payroll.

So, for the next 3 months, I work without getting paid.  But now I'm having a hard time making rent.  So, should I continue to work for them?  If I quit, I'm going back on my contractual obligation to work, even though the employer hasn't lived up to his end.  So if I apply the Golden Rule as you have, I realize that if I quit I'm putting the boss in a bad spot and everyone else in the business, I'm only considering my needs and my salary.  So by that standard, I should stay, even though the contract hasn't been honored.  So I think that standard is a little bit too high.  The Golden Rule is a great standard for noble living, but it's not a panacea.

Note that the contract was made in good faith.  So I don't think that good faith is enough for a contract.  Faithful execution is needed as well.

Now, you will rightly say that the LOI explicitly precludes the coach leaving as a reason for terminating.  But reference senowen's excellent legal example.  But say the Senior Partner really intended to work on the case, but had to go on unexpected medical leave instead of retiring.  Shouldn't the client be free to at least discuss the option of renegotiating the contract?  I think so.  Regardless of the faith of the agreement, the client isn't getting what was agreed to.  So I think it doesn't matter whether there was good faith by the senior partner or not here.  What was promised is just not available.

Back to basketball (but not too close!) Say K. State truly believed Huggins would stay and promised that to their recruits (either from the administration or through Huggins acting as an agent).  But Huggins is gone.  Because the package promised is just not available, I think Beasley and friends have the right to discuss getting out of the NLOI with K. State.

That said, I don't think it's ethical for Huggins to influence the kids to get out of their NLOI and go to West Virginia.

Thanks for the debate, Tru!

by EEWildcat on Apr 13, 2007 6:54 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Another great comment.
I just can't say enough about the thoughtful nature of the comments this hypothetical has received.  It really restores my faith that some of the message board commentary had drained away.  Thank you for your high-quality remarks.

To your points:

1.  You make the pretty boxes like this:
< div class=blockquote > text goes here < /div >
I had to put spaces between the "<" and the html tag directive - obviously you don't do that, but otherwise, Scoop interprets the directive.  I can't seem to get the code tag to work in comments.

  1.  Regarding your example - Anytime you make a contract for employment, failure to remunerate the contractual fees is always a breach and cause for termination.  Your example is just not a particularly comparable one, but you are exactly right that "faithful execution" is required.  It is not unethical to request or even demand contract termination if it has been breached by the other party.
  2.  Regarding the Golden Rule - you are absolutely right that it is no panacea - there are certain circumstances where it simply fails to overcome other ethical and even non-ethical considerations.  The instant case is simply not one of them.
  3.  In senowen's example, the intentions of the senior partner or in this case, the coach, are completely irrelevant to the agreement.  The coach's employment status is explicitly removed from the equation by mutual agreement, hence his intentions are irrelevant to the contract, as is his employment.
  4.  In RE: Huggins example - Huggins has no authority to assure recruits that he will be coach, because many factors could intervene to make that impossible, not the least of which is health or breach of his employment contract with the university, or the university simply firing him for no cause.  If he were to make such an unqualified representation, it would be an extremely unethical act.
Coming to the LOI - Since the coach is expressly forbidden from being present when a recruit signs his LOI, and since, regardless of any representation made by Huggins, the LOI expressly contemplates the possibility of a different coach,  Beasley et. al. are agreeing to also remove that consideration from the table.  Hence, they don't have an ethical leg to stand on to ask out of their agreement.

Bottom line - an unethical representation by Bob Huggins doesn't provide an ethical reason for the recruits to ask out of their agreement, primarily because the NLOI they sign explicitly renders that consideration moot.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 14, 2007 11:03 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Ok, but...
So the rules do not require an athlete to sign a NLOI in order to receive an athletic scholarship?  I honestly don't know.

But even if the "rules" do not require a NLOI, it seems hardly believable that recruits are not in practice required to sign a NLOI.  I wonder how many times per year a recruit is told that, if you want to play for me (coach x) you need to sign a NLOI.  I guarantee you that recruits are pressured into signing a NLOI, for the reasons I explained above.

The NLOI is an unethical contract that guarantees the school exactly what it wants, but guarantees top athletes nothing they want.

by senowen on Apr 13, 2007 11:47 AM EDT   0 recs

NLOI's are absolutely
voluntary.  The reason for them is twofold.

First, it commits an athletic scholarship to the student athlete.  That means his scholarship can't be given to a more coveted player if he/she suddenly desires to go to the same school.

Second, it forbids other schools from continuing to recruit the student athlete.

In return for these two benefits, the student athlete voluntarily agrees to play for the school for one year, and agrees to a penalty of the loss of one year of eligibility if he doesn't honor his commitment.

It is a win-win scenario both for the school and the athlete, but as I said, it is completely optional.  No student athlete is required to sign one.  But if he/she doesn't, the school is perfectly entitled to give his scholarship to a more desirable player, if one becomes available, and leave him in the cold.  

That is not ethical behavior either, but it is an express rule of college recruiting that verbal commitments are non-binding on either party.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 12:14 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Facially ethical and ethical in fact
are quite different stories.  The written language and even the basic idea behind the NLOI is certainly ethical, and could be considered a good deal.  You guarantee to play, we guarantee to pay.  However, I don't agree that practices around the NLOI are ethical at all.  When a recruit signs a document because he has been promised, or lead to believe, that he is going to be playing for a certain coach and going to be receiving all the benefits of that coaches tutelage (knowledge, skills, NBA contacts, other recruits, etc.), but signs a contract that says only you play for our school, we pay, that recruit has been fraudulently induced into signing the contract.  It is unethical behavior and illegal.  But that is the practice.

Tru, for awhile now I have had the thought that you are a lawyer.  Not sure why, but just my speculation.  So assuming you are a lawyer, I'm going to assume you deal with retainer agreements quite a bit.  So lets say someone comes to the senior partner and says I want you to be my lawyer in my case.  The lawyer says, yes, of course, I'll be your lawyer.  I charge $500 an hour.  The client says, ok fine, you're a well known lawyer, I'll gladly pay that.  The senior partner says, ok, you need to sign this retainer agreement saying that you hire my firm for your case, and you agree to pay $500 an hour for all legal work.  On its face, the contract contains no unethical or illegal terms.  

The client says do I have to sign in order for you to be my lawyer.  The senior partner says, "Well, no, you are not legally required to sign, but that is just our policy.  Besides, I'd feel a lot better about it if you did."  The client asks why the contract only says that the firm does the work, not the senior partner.  The senior partner says, "Well, that's just a formality, don't worry about it, I'm going to be your lawyer."  Assured, the client signs.  The contract contains no provision indicating that other attorneys in the firm may do the actual legal work in the case.  The next week, the senior partner retires, and the client's case is passed off to a second year associate, and the client receives a bill for $500 per hour of legal work.  When the client complains, he is shown the contract where it says that he agrees to pay $500 hour for all legal work done by the firm.  

Obviously this scenario would be completely unethical of the senior partner, who not only misled the client about who was representing him, but failed to disclose that he was going to retire.  So the question is, if it is unethical for a lawyer to engage in such a transaction, why is it ethical for the NCAA and its member schools to do so.

by senowen on Apr 13, 2007 2:31 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

I appreciate your reasoning here ...
but as you might expect, I have a different take.

First off, I am actually not a lawyer, nor do I play on on TV.  I am a small business owner.  But you are by no means the first person to mistake me for a lawyer.  I like lawyers in general, so no offense taken. :-)

If Jordan's recruitment went down like you describe in your lawyer example, I agree that was a deceptive practice and unethical.  If that were the case, Jordan would of course be acting ethically if he were certain the school mislead him and asked to void the contract on that basis.  There is no reason to believe that is true, however.

The NLOI itself reads as follows regarding the coach:

# If Coach Leaves. I understand I have signed this NLI with the institution and not for a particular sport or individual. If the coach leaves the institution or the sports program, I remain bound by the provisions of this NLI. I understand it is not uncommon for a coach to leave his or her coaching position.

Now, notwithstanding the oral representations made to the recruit, this is pretty darn clear and unambiguous.

It seems to me that by your reasoning, in order to declare Jordan's conduct ethical if he to ask out of the agreement,  we would have to impute unethical behavior to the institution during his recruitment.

I'm sorry, but absent some kind of proof, I don't think that's fair to assume TAMU behaved unethically in any way.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 4:03 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

As I see it, we are in agreement
I agree that the NLOI, on its face, is not unethical or unfair.  So long as no representations were made to Jordan concerning 1) whether TAMU agreed to let him out of the NLOI if he wished; 2) that he must sign the NLOI to get a scholarship; or 3) whether Billy G was going to remain at TAMU at least for his first year, then signing the NLOI despite the fact that Billy G was an up and coming coach with higher asperations was merely a tactical blunder on Jordan's part.

However, you seem to agree that if the above, or similar, unethical representations induced Jordan to sign the NLOI, then he could ethically ask out of the agreement.

I don't assume that TAMU, or Billy G, behaved unethically, but if Jordan asks to be released I'm not going to assume that TAMU behaved ethically either.  Thus, without proof either way, if Jordan asks out of the contract, I don't think passing judgment on his character is appropriate.

by senowen on Apr 13, 2007 4:38 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Indeed ...
it seems we are in agreement:
However, you seem to agree that if the above, or similar, unethical representations induced Jordan to sign the NLOI, then he could ethically ask out of the agreement.

Absolutely right.  If TAMU or its representatives misled him in any way, and Jordan can support that fact, he would be entirely justified to ask that it be declared void.

In order for a contract to be a contract, there cannot be any deception on the part of either party.  Otherwise, it is done in bad faith.

Now, the law would place the burden of proof of said deception squarely on Jordan, and I'm sure the appeals committee would as well.  But assuming he can provide it, I certainly can't see an ethics problem in trying to get it declared void.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 5:15 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Tru
Personally I dont find much ethical behavior in the NCAA of any sort. I dont think it's unethical to ask out of our signed agreement because of the way the NCAA takes advantage of it's athletes. These schools are making millions off of these kids and the kids dont get just compensation. I dont find the behavior unethical becuase the whole system is just a dance to see who can take more advantage of the other party. Most of the time (not all) I find it is the school taking more advantage of the kids who sign.

by davw83 on Apr 13, 2007 1:48 PM EDT   0 recs

You have just engaged in ...
several ethical fallacies, as follows:
  1.  The "tit for tat excuse" - This is where a person justifies unethical behavior by contending it it intended to counter the unethical behavior of someone else.  This is often represented in the negative as "two wrongs don't make a right."
  2. Ethical vigilantism - This is where a person engages in unethical behavior to collect what he is "owed" by dint of another's unethical behavior.
I can appreciate the idea that the price of a free education is not fair compensation in today's market for an athlete's services.  But quite frankly, it is what it is and debating that is beyond the scope of the behaviors in question.  

Claiming a system is corrupt doesn't justify corrupt behavior within the system.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 4:16 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Wheter....
It's unethical or not we need Deandre!!! I think everyone on this board agrees with that.  

by tiger85 on Apr 13, 2007 3:00 PM EDT   0 recs

Actually ...
I don't agree.  We have two centers already.  What we really need are Patterson and Lucas, IMHO.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 13, 2007 4:17 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Tru...
You're kidding yourself.  Carter has been hurt both years at UK, he wasnt spectacular in high school, Bullit East shut him down and there tallest guy was 6'4".  He really doesnt have any defensive abilities and his offensive game is limited.  You know that.   Mike Williams is a tubby recruit, tubby only recruited him because he is a 7 footer and a project at best. (Woo and that T-rex fella Alleyne great 7 footers.)  Tubby had two good centers in his tenure Randolph Morris and Marquis Estill!  now with all this being said I havent given niether one of these guys a chance and I hope and pray they make me eat crow, its just with tubby's record I find it hard to believe!

by tiger85 on Apr 13, 2007 9:10 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

I am of the opinion ...
that we could do fine without too many big people.  I would rather see more Pattersons and fewer Morrises or Carters.

Athletic, aggressive forwards, IMO, are much better in a faster game than centers, and are more versatile.  Two great forwards (Noah and Horford) showed the best center in the NCAA a thing or two in the finals.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 14, 2007 11:07 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

Noah and Horford
had center size both were 6'10" or better.  Also Greg oden had a monsterous championship game, he couldnt do it alone.  I agree with wanting to have more Pattersons than Morris' or Carters.  I believe Stewart will bring a lot of energy, and if we get PP we will have a fun fast athletic forwards.  

Tru where do you stand on Steffphon?

by tiger85 on Apr 14, 2007 12:14 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

I'm for offering Steffphon ...
right away.  I love players with intangibles, and this guy has them in spades.  

I think Pettigrew would give UK the toughness we currently lack.  Tough, strong, determined, never-say-die, refuse to loose - these are all words you can speak in the same sentence with Steffphon.

You can never have too many players like that.

by Truzenzuzex on Apr 14, 2007 12:35 PM EDT to parent up   0 recs

My point is
I feel that you are focusing on Deandre Jordan or a player trying to get out of his LOI is way off base considering the stat